Kush, Meroe, and Nubia

Archeologists have confirmed the inhabitation of the Nile above Aswan in the Paleolithic period that lasted more that 60,000 years of the Sudanese history. By the 8th millennium BC, during the Neolithic era, people had settled in the brick houses and their economic life was characterized by fishing, hunting along river Nile, cattle herding and grain gathering. The skeletal remains give an evidence of blending between the Mediterranean people and the Negroid during the Neolithic period that has existed until today.The northern Sudan oldest history evidence originates from the Egyptian sources that described the land upstream starting from the first cataract as wretched or Cush. For 2000 year and more in the time of old Kingdom, the economic, political and social life of the central Nile region was influenced by the Egyptians, even as the political power of the Egyptian waned in the Cushite, the Egyptians still had a substantial influence in the Cushite way of life.For many centuries, the Egyptian caravan exchanged grain for ivory, carnelian, hide and incense with Cushite. Slaves and gold were highly valued by the Egyptian traders. The Egyptian penetrated the Cush in the Middle kingdom after construction of fort at Sammah to guard the gold flow from Wawat mines.Asian nomads that were referred to as Hyksos invaded Egypt destroying many links to the Cush in around 1720 BC. During the reign of Pharaoh Ahmose 1, Egypt revived its political power during the New Kingdom around 1110BC and took the Cush as one of its provinces; however there were Egyptian tributary districts as far as blue and white Nile and red sea. After gaining full control over the Cush, the Cush adapted every way of life and temples became their center of worship up to the 6th century after the coming of Christianity.  By the 11th century, the new kingdom had collapsed, got divided and Cush emerged again as an independent kingdom that was governed from Napata. The Cush Kingdom conquered and ruled Egypt between 750 and 740 BC after which Egypt was re-united. Confrontation between the Assyrians and the Egyptians in 688-663BC resulted to Cush Pharaoh retaliating returning to dynasty in Napata where he originally ruled from prior to the unification of Egypt. In 590 BC, the Cush court was compelled to move to Meroe, a safer place than Napata due to the Egypt attack as it tried to regain its control over Cush again. Meroe developed for several centuries independent of Egypt and extended its dynasty to the present day Khartoum from the third cataract located at Sawba.The pharaoh traditions still persisted in Meroe, a well managed irrigation system sustained the huge growing population at Meroe. By the 1st century BC, there was development of the Meroitic script that was similar to the indigenous Egyptian script. The succession system at Meroe was not necessarily hereditary and crown was passed from brother to sister or to brother and selection of the queen was very crucial to smoot h succession. The Cush fell after it was invade by the predatory Blemmyes who were nomads but Meroe continued to be with contact with the Indians and Arabs.By the 2nd century, the Nobatae occupied the North of Cush at West Bank, this was subsidized by the Romans as a buffer between the Blemmyes and then the Axum in the 5th century, now the current Ethiopia that capture and demolished the city of Meroe ad there from Meroe kingdom ceased. In the 6th century, three states that were descendants of Meroe Kingdom emerged; these were Nobatia, Muqurra and Alwa.These kingdoms used Greek titles to rule the Meroetic population in imitation of the Byzantine Court. Missionaries started to preach in Nobatia in 540 AD and the Nubian kings were converted to Monophysite Christianity that was being practiced in Egypt, many bishops and religious leaders were consecrated in Egypt. The Mediterranean civilization was rekindled by the coming of Christianity.The use of Greek in liturgy led to development o f the Nubian language that combined both the Coptic and old meroitic scripts. The Nubian kingdoms survived many centuries but with the arrival of Arabs in 640 and subsequent conquering of Egypt posed a threat to these Christian kingdoms. Historians believe that the Muqurra and Nobatia kingdoms were forced to merge by the Arabs to form the Dunqula kingdom around 700 this resulted to isolation of the Nubian church since Egypt became dominated by the Muslims.The introduction and spread of Islam after Muhammad’s death lead to division between the south and north Sudan society. Islam encouraged economic growth, political stability and education development to its followers. Islam was spread to the east and north by the Arab armies who also attacked the Nubian territory in 642 and 652 thereby demolishing its cathedral.Though with continued arabization of the Nile valley, there were tension between the Arabs and Nubian territory and the resulted to a peace treaty which encouraged tr ade between the two opposite sides and other regions. This lead to emergence of two Arab speaking groups, the Juhayna and the Jaali. These groups aided in bringing down the Nubian territory.The Nubian territories remained independent up to the 13th century when they were overruled by the Muslims due expansion of Islam   to the continuous intermarriages between them and Arabs which resulted to the dark age of Christianity as slavery intensified. This forced the Nubian communities to seek Arab protectors for fear of their security. The Islam was not part of the old Nubian territory until15th to 16th centuryREFERENCEKush, Meroe and Nubia, retrieved on 13th, October, 2007, available at www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Sudan.html

Comparison of the Death Penalty: China vs United States Essay

The United States of America is one of the few countries that still impose death sentences regularly. The People’s Republic of China is also one of these countries. Both are similar in that they are among the top executing countries in the world. Yet they differ in many ways such as, types of crimes that are death penalty eligible, the number of people that are executed, trial processes, and methods of execution. I consider these to be the biggest differences between The People’s Republic of China and the United States of America. One of the most shocking things I came across when researching was the wide range of crimes punishable by death in China. The most shocking of which, is those of non-violent nature. A type of non-violent crime that is routinely charged as a capital crime is economic or â€Å"white-collar† crimes. In China’s Criminal Law, there are specific instances where economic crimes can be charged as capital crimes. In the article, â€Å"On Limiting and Abolishing the Death Penalty for Economic Crimes in China†, the author Bingzhi Zhao wrote, â€Å"it is normally specified in China’s Criminal Law that the death penalty is only applicable when the crime is ‘of a particularly enormous amount’ or ‘of a particularly severe nature’†1. A â€Å"particularly enormous amount† or â€Å"of a particularly sever nature† refers to the amount of money stolen or number of people â€Å"hurt† by the crime. What I consider to be a great parallel would be Bernie Madoff, who stole billions from investors and was sentences to 150 years in jail, which is the maximum sentence he could receive2. This leads me to believe if Bernie Madoff lived in China, he would’ve been executed. Although his crimes were particularly extreme in the amount of money he stole, he was not violent in any way shape or form. In America this simply has not happened in the last century. It is my personal belief that crimes other than murder shouldn’t be capital crimes, but I think it is plain wrong for a â€Å"white-collar† crime to be charged as a capital crime. There are even accounts of drug dealers and people who fund-raise illegal3. I personally know somebody arrested for dealing drugs, if he received a death sentence for his crime, it would be completely and utterly shocking. It is my belief that a non-violent crime shouldn’t be punished in a violent way. The People’s Republic of China use of capital punishment is shrouded in secrecy. In an article in the Washington Post, the author(s) writes, â€Å"The Chinese government has a long-standing policy of not commenting on the death penalty and keeps the number of executions secret†3. This rings true because it is impossible to find a true figure for executions in China. All figures that can be found are estimates. The Dui Hua Foundation estimates that China carried out 5,000 to 6,000 executions in the year 20073, while Amnesty International estimates there were at least 1,718 known executions in 2008 and also states that there are likely many more4. Amnesty International also states that in 2008 the United States of America executed a total of 37 people4. Using Amnesty International’s figures this means that the People’s Republic of China executed more than forty-six times more people than America. With populations of 1. 3 billion and 310 million (estimates), respectively, China executed at least 1 out of every 750,000, and the United States of America executed about 1 out of every 8,375,000 people. This adds up to China executing about 11 times as many people per capita than the United States. One must also keep in mind that the figure of China executing 1,718 is also the â€Å"at least† number; the Dui Hua foundation estimated 5,000-6,000 executions in one year alone. If China indeed executed 5,000, this would raise their per capita execution rate three times higher, to 33 times more executions per capita than America. While there are countries who execute more than the United States of America besides China, they aren’t countries that America would like to be placed with. In descending order the ten countries with the highest executions are, China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the United States, Pakistan, Iraq, Vietnam, Afghanistan, North Korea, and Japan4. Interestingly enough, American soldiers have fought wars within the borders of six out of nine of these countries since World War II. The United States of America and China are the two most powerful countries in the world right now, yet they are in a list with the likes of under-developed countries like Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Saudi Arabia. China kills enormous amounts of people as compared to every other country, and they also do so in a manner that the American Criminal Justice system would consider extremely unconstitutional. In the United States we use grand juries and/or preliminary hearings as a screening device to make sure there is enough evidence to go to trial, whereas in the People’s Republic of China, there is one person, called a Procurator, who screens cases5. This causes the decision to go to trial extremely unfair, because the standard of evidence in China is â€Å"sufficient† as opposed to American standard of â€Å"beyond a reasonable doubt†. Also in the case of a grand jury, there has to be more than one person agreeing the case can go to trial, whereas in China, just one person decides whether a case is trial worthy. The largest difference between the two countries processes however, is not the use or lack thereof grand juries, but the difference lies in how trials are conducted. China uses the Inquisitorial Model, where a judge dominates the questioning and debating, and a panel of judges, not regular citizens, decides facts and applies the laws5. This could either seem like a terrible idea, or a great idea. Keeping the same group of judges instead of a jury, there is a sense of consistency. There is no unfair jury selection like in the American system that can usually be based on picking people of certain races who are more likely to convict somebody of a certain race based on statistics. Yet at the same time, these men are judges and see all sorts of criminals, and are very likely to think that anybody arrested, is arrested for a just reason. These judges are also more likely to impose the law harshly, since they are government officials of a country whose government is known to violate numerous human rights. Another huge difference between the two nations lies within the appeals process. In China, not only can the accused appeal, but the Procurator can appeal as well if he or she feels that the sentencing wasn’t done correctly. The accused is only given 10 days to initially file an appeal. If the accused appeals and loses, his sentence can only be lessened, but if a Procurator appeals, the sentence can be made more severe. In the United States, only the accused may appeal, the prosecutor is unable5. This process of Procurators appealing could never happen in the United States, based on the Fifth Amendment. It would be considered â€Å"Double Jeopardy†, since even if a court (aside from the Supreme People’s Court) finds him innocent, the procurator may appeal for a new trial. All of these difference cause many more injustices in China than America. There are even more injustices in the Chinese system. Amnesty International states, â€Å"In China those facing capital charges do not receive fair trials. Failings include the lack of prompt access to lawyers, a lack of presumption of innocence, political interference in the judiciary and failure to exclude evidence extracted through torture†6. These â€Å"failings† pose a particular issue in China. One of the mentioned â€Å"failings† is lack of presumption of innocence. When a person in China is arrested, they are presumed guilty, and therefore a trial is almost only to prove his innocence, whereas in America we presume innocent until proven guilty and in trials, the prosecutor must prove guilt. Another â€Å"failing† is if the accused doesn’t get access to a lawyer quick enough, he could be put to death very rapidly because after a death sentence is approved; the execution is carried out within 7 days7. The United States of America has long stays on death row, which take a lot of effect out of the execution, but also gives the accused time to appeal, and file all sorts of motions and requests for clemency. Amnesty International also states that China uses information that is extracted through torture. While in the United States this does happen, it is never done so legally, and if a judge finds evidence was extracted through torture, that evidence in unusable. These factors; lack of access lawyers, unfair trial processes, and lack of presumption of innocence, all cause China’s capital punishment statutes to seem extremely unjust and I would think that quite often even Chinese citizens are unsure of the reliability of their own system, but then I remember that a lot of what the government does is shrouded in secrecy so citizens don’t really know. The general method of execution in The People’s Republic of China is single gunshot to the head. Although China officially uses Lethal Injection as an option, it is still not used as much as gunshot to the head. An article in USA Today about methods of execution states, â€Å"Prior to 1997, China’s main form of execution was shooting. According to a 1998 report from Amnesty International, the Chinese press reported 24 lethal-injection executions in that year, but the exact number is unknown†8. This quote to me shows, that they have started to use lethal injection, but one must remember that China regularly executes well over 1000 people, so 24 by lethal injection is a start, but not nearly a majority whereas in America lethal Injection is the main method. Under post-Furman statutes there have been 1,070 executions in the United States. 01 of these executions were by lethal injection, followed by 153 of them by electrocution9. Lethal Injection accounts for 84. 2% of American executions (American Statistics were as of April 12, 2007) whereas Lethal Injection in China only accounted for at most, 2. 5% in 1998. These figures may be from different years but 2. 5% versus 84. 2% is a huge difference. The reason China would use gunshot to the head, in my opinion, is it saves money. The Chinese trial and appeals process, which is very fast in nature, saves money compared to the long and drawn out American process. Add to that figure that executions are carried out within 7 days of sentencing10. The Chinese definitely spend nowhere near the figures that Americans spend on Death Row, since Chinese executions occur in less than 7 days post-sentencing. Although I am just speculating on cost savings since these figures cannot be found due to China’s secrecy on the subject of capital punishment. I think there is much to learn from the Chinese system when it comes to saving money and efficiency, although I strongly disagree with their lack of rights for defendants. While the differences outlined in this paper are not the only ones, they are the differences that I felt really separate the American and Chinese use of capital punishment. While the American government wastes tons of money on capital punishment, I think our higher standard of evidence and longer proceedings allow us to be surer that the right person is being executed, and although our system has many issues, I still would stand behind it over the system used in The People’s Republic of China.

Openess and Assistance in Workplace

What recommendations would you offer the CEO to encourage a culture of honesty, openness, and assistance? When It comes to encouraging a culture of honesty, openness, and assistance, there are several things that can be done. According to Long, the first thing that needs to be done is for the upper management to set the example (2013). You cannot expect the employees to be honest If management Is dishonest. Management needs to promote open and honest communication between them and the employees. If an employee has a problem with their supervisor, there has to be a way for them to deal with the situation without fear.Also, If there Is not open communication, If someone knows about something dishonest going on, they are less likely to report It. Management needs to communicate the Importance of addressing mistakes as soon as they are realized (Long, 2013). It does not matter who made the mistake, it needs to be corrected as soon as possible. Everyone makes mistakes. It is part of being human. But if a mistake is not corrected it can be detrimental to the company. Next, when someone displays any negative or unethical behavior, it must be dealt with immediately (Long, 2013).If negativity or unethical behavior is not nipped in the bud, t can spread throughout the company. It will breed more and more negativity and unethical behavior. If it is dealt with swiftly and Justly, it will keep others from trying to get away with it as well. The last thing that you could do to promote a culture of honesty, openness, and assistance is to recognize those who show honest behavior (Long, 2013). This recognition could be as simple as extra vacation days or a pay raise. If a person is honest and works for years at the same company and is never recognized for their work, they will burn out and begin to resent the company.That is when most of the fraud ends up happening, especially in small companies. Do you think that a culture of honesty, openness, and assistance can exist as sugg ested by Ms. Moore? Or is it a utopian idea with no understanding of how human nature works? I do think a culture of honesty, openness, and assistance can exist as suggested by Ms. Moore. But it has to start from the top down. Also, If someone Is being dishonest, It must be dealt with swiftly. If employees see that the management takes honesty seriously they are more likely to respond In the same way.But we must also member that there will be people who will be dishonest no matter what. But you cannot Judge everyone by those few. References Long, N. (2013). How to Create an Atmosphere of Honesty In the Workplace. Retrieved from http://seamlessness. Chronic. Com/create-atmosphere-honesty- workplace- 10098. HTML Creating Atmosphere of Honesty, Openness and Assistance in Workplace By Tattoo When it comes to encouraging a culture of honesty, openness, and assistance, expect the employees to be honest if management is dishonest. Management needs with the situation without fear.Also, if t here is not open communication, if someone knows about something dishonest going on, they are less likely to report it. Management needs to communicate the importance of addressing mistakes as soon Ms. Moore. But it has to start from the top down. Also, if someone is being dishonest, it must be dealt with swiftly. If employees see that the management takes honesty seriously they are more likely to respond in the same way. But we must also Long, N. (2013). How to Create an Atmosphere of Honesty in the Workplace. Retrieved from http://smelliness's. Chronic. Com/create-atmosphere-honesty- workplace-10098. HTML

Life in American Culture Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life in American Culture - Personal Statement Example I shifted from my home country, The Republic of Belarus, to America. The way of living, traditions and values of America were different from my home country. At first, I found it difficult and impossible to adjust there as I was very weak in English. The condition of my written and spoken English may be compared to the situation of mother's English in Amy Tan's novel. As Amy describes it "I can think of no way to describe it other than "broken," as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed, as if it lacked a certain wholeness and soundness" (62). I used to get irritated and annoyed while communicating to friends, teachers and other associates. The difference of language and accent made me feel low and helpless. My social circle was shortened to an extent that I felt isolated and lonely. This was the worst effect of moving from my native land to a new state. Some close associates even gave me their own narratives in my home land in which they told about the difficulties they faced whe n they moved to a new place. These narratives made me more conscious when interacting with other people and they had a negative effect on my interactive cycle as I tried to be more accurate when talking in English, although it was quite impossible for me to do that in the beginning. I used to be a high-spirited and fun loving girl. ... I was somehow compelled to learn English but the great experience of learning other's language was more enjoyable than going out with friends. It was more interesting to express your feelings in a diary or in the college magazine than making fun of others and killing time in watching a movie.The new culture taught me to live with the hardships and discrimination as described by different narratives put by my close aides. These narratives had made me so conscious that before interacting in the new culture I was prepared to have a negative reply. Furthermore the narratives made me shape my identity according to what was required by the people in the new culture. The sense of freedom in this kind of culture made me go taste the feeling of freedom for the first time in my life. In this new culture, I became more independent regarding my dressing, educational selection and job. I had no conservative people around to stop me from wearing any sort of dresses. I was no more bound to wear traditional dress of Belarus. It was a great experience to show your creativity in the selection of clothes. I was also free to choose any subject out of thousands of courses available at different universities in the U.S. Despite of these eases and comforts of independence I soon realized the importance of my homeland and my family. With the passing time I figured out that if I do not find a job I would soon have to leave for Belarus. With this thought I started seeking for a job. This was the first time I tried to take a step alone. I learnt to stand up after falling down. I learnt to achieve and work hard. I started caring about my bills and other expenses. This aspect of living in a new culture

Marketing research proposal Mercedes-Benz( how can MB attract costumer

Marketing Mercedes-Benz( how can MB attract costumer from age 27-37 in USA) - Research Proposal Example Therefore, the main concern of the company is to attract potential automobile users in the USA from the age group 27-37 years and evaluate their expectation on cars in the near future. Moving to the higher car market segment and selling premium cars can result to be the best marketing strategies for the automobile companies. Though companies are trying to enter a new market by creating a niche for itself or diversifying their existing vehicle line, technologies and effective strategies in selling high end cars at higher price range requires efficient marketing approaches than those positioned as affordable vehicles. The marketing strategies applied for premium automobiles, needs to focus on the quality it is providing, luxury, its safety, premium maintenance service and extending these features to meet the preferences of the customers (Dvir and Strasser 831). The marketing and advertising strategies planned must not leave any ambiguity on the premium value of the car. To achieve that, firstly the vehicle and the brand must be of high-quality themselves. The propagation of the product features and attributes must be in such a way through the audio and visual medium that it will allow its buyers to gain a high sense of priority and exclusiveness as if they are special. The communications strategies must be implemented in a way that make their customer realize that they are investing on high worth, top-quality product. Promotions on premium magazines, television channels and shows attracting HNI audiences, radio ads should be the main target (Saridakis and Baltas 5-10). The vehicle brand should position itself as the car with style, comfort and luxury. Self-indulgence must be the key factor of the marketing strategy. The attributes of the car, from its premium quality seat material, color, texture, interior and exterior designing, the ambience, experience of

HRM in Libya Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

HRM in Libya - Coursework Example Libya, before it attained its independence, was a colony of Italy. Italy colonized Libya until 1951. Libya was formed by the combination of three provinces, Fezzan, Cyrenaica and Tripolitania during the times of colonization. Due to this colonial background, Libya has several aspects that differ with other counterparts of the prominent world of Arabs to which it’s a member alongside 21 other nations. Apart from being colonized by Italy, Libya had been occupied by other powers as well. These were Greeks, Phoenicians, as well as Arabs.The nation had, since independence, been ruled by a monarchical government. But this was to last until 1969 when a coup d’etat was successfully carried out and this saw 70 army officers seize the power from the then government. The overall leader was to be Colonel Muammar Qadhafi and their government was more of group leadership. It also changed the course of Libya to an Arab Socialist state, which marked the end of capitalism and Marxism.Qa dhafi has from then onwards had a great influence on this function of HRM. His movement’s aim was especially at halting inefficiency and enhance national coordination of the political system. He urged his followers to do away with the traditional system of governance and take up a new one. This was to be â€Å"people’s committee† and its establishment became far and wide to organizations in Libya. The system of â€Å"people’s committees,† thus had a great impact on employee-management in Libya. It especially based its approach on direct democracy as put across in Qadhafi’s book ‘The Green Book’ of 1976.   The book subsequently saw the introduction of  all people’s participatory structure of â€Å"people’s congress† and later on to a new element of â€Å"revolutionary committees†. Capitalism was thus in a total ban in Libya and it was followed by new dawn of employees’ self-management via committees as well as partnerships of profit participation in public and private enterprises alike. A law on the property was also passed and forbid ownership of more than a private place of dwelling. Libyan employees also took over the control of the nation’s big companies, which were now state-run.Socialism, therefore, has had a conspicuous impact on the HRM system of Libya. It depends, mostly, upon the exportation of oil. As per the estimates of 2000 unemployment rate stood at 30% and the labor force at 1.5 million workers. Islam and the overall Arabic culture have also affected the course of Human Resource Management in Libya.

Nike and its Approach to Corporate Responsibility Essay - 1

Nike and its Approach to Corporate Responsibility - Essay Example The organization established new approaches to the corporate responsibility in order to influence environmental and social change. The organization is made up of several small business units, regions, functions, centers. It is true that global business scenario is changing constantly due to frequent change in external environmental factors and market demand. Corporate responsibility helps an organization to adopt health business and corporate model that ensures potential competitive advantages for the company. The essay will discuss a conceptual framework that will explain the approach of Nike, Inc. to corporate responsibility. Â  Nike is one of the popular apparel and footwear manufacturing and distributing organization around the globe. In the year 2004, the organization began a large scale and intensive review of its developed and implemented strategies. The management of the organization tries to take unique and new approaches to corporate responsibility in order to ensure future business growth. The organization understood that demand for sustainable business practices can help an organization to run a smooth business across the world (Rendtorff, 2009, p.50). They tried to understand future social and environmental trends before expanding their business in several emerging global areas. The social and environmental trend cannot be similar in all the countries. Therefore, they tried to implement an effective review process to achieve potential competitive business opportunity. Â  In the year 2004, Nike, Inc understood that no single corporation can attain systematic change alone. Collaboration, partnership, and open source approaches can lead to providing an organization sustainable market-based solutions to the challenges that can easily generate system change.

Make the topic, whatever you choose as the product Research Paper

Make the topic, whatever you choose as the product - Research Paper Example gy that produces the best quality, it uses reliable testing techniques and various quality assurance principles that make its products more appealing and long lasting (Licari 2005). Vaskovà ¡ and Vaskovà ¡ (2010) point out that the benefit of using the this type of website in conducting business is that the efficiency of communication between the supplier and the buyer is greatly improved that the buyer can easily communicate with the supplier on the type of products that are available and even the ordering process of the available products by the buyer is made easy. One drawback of using this website is that there are various security concerns that might jeopardize the transaction process. The main security threat is that the information of the transaction can be accessed by the hackers who are malicious and can use the information to their own advantage for example these individuals can access the bank details thus stealing money from either the supplier or the buyer. It is reasonable to speculate that most trade SME’s will take place in the context of sites like Alibaba.com because most of the sites are growing at a faster rate and are categorized as either medium or small enterprises as this will help to dive innovation and competition in the various existing economic sectors. The transactions that are conducted in the various sites that are available today help in building trust in the people that use the site to conduct business, therefore, the transparency of any site depends on the honesty of the owners in delivering what they are mandated to do. Fraud is a usual occurrence in the internet since there are many fraudsters who act as imposters for their own selfish gains, therefore, any individual who conducts business through various sites should be cautious of the fraudsters in the marketplace. The global financial crisis will create an opportunity for sites like Alibaba.com in that these small and medium enterprises will have the ab ility to create

Bubbles on the South Sea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bubbles on the South Sea - Essay Example According to a website "The bubble is usually followed by a sudden drop in prices known as crash". This is a significant drop in the total value of a market, almost undoubtedly to the popping of a bubble, creating a situation wherein the majority of investors are trying to flee the market at the same time and consequently incurring massive losses. And terribly affects everyone. The inevitable crash came and the strain proved to much to many joint stock companies. The immediate cause was the activities of the South Sea Company. It had been formed to engage in trading in the South Seas, but it also has engaged in the funding of the national debt in return for monopolistic privileges. The bad repute of this joint stock companies had led to the passage of the Bubble Act for the regulation of companies in the main attempt to prevent panic. Bubble Act declared that only companies formed by charter or by a private act of parliament were legal. The South Sea Company was reasonably successful. It was chartered by the government for trade in South America and South Sea. The relationship between the government and the company created confidence and high expectations. In the history, they were given the monopoly of trading in the Pacific Ocean and along the coast of South America, made an offer to the government to pay off the whole National Debt and to buy up the irredeemable annuities, according to Melville amounting of "800,000 a year, provided the different public securities were consolidated into one fund in their hands and the government gave the company certain exclusive commercial privileges". In spite of the limited privileges conceded to it in the Asiento by Spain, been highly successful in the slave trade. This means according to (Colliers Encyclopedia) "that they have the right for 30 years to supply Spanish-America colonies with 4,800 slaves annually and to send to Porto Bello and Vera Cruz a trading ship of 500 t ons a year". A negotiation being settled with the South Sea Company. This right was handed over the company which underwrote the English national debt, on a promise of 5% from the government. The most question was whether the fund-holders would convert their stock for shares in the company, for they could not compelled to do so. According to (Caleb W.)" The brilliant prospects held out by the directors of the gold and silver lands awaiting exploitation in South America, crowded into the rush for shares." Its shares immediately rose to 10x their value from 110 rose to 1000, speculation ran wild and all sorts of joint stock companies, fraudulent or merely optimistic were formed. Its price soared within a few weeks, people realized that it was greatly overpriced and prices fell. Thousands were financially ruined. The South Sea Prosecution of some of those concern served to open the eyes of the public to the recklessness of its own scheme, and its shares dropped with the result that few sold out enormous profits, the majority of those who hold on were ruined and result of financial disaster. The Bubble had burst, ruining thousands of families. The disaster happened in South Sea Bubble almost wealthy persons in the kingdom had become members of the government to involved in manipulating of the company. Robert Walpole un his time did much to restore national credit. According to (Caleb, W) " he makes arrangement and assign 9 million which

The Effect of Learing Styles With Young Learners Research Paper

The Effect of Learing Styles With Young Learners - Research Paper Example This paper stresses that traditional methods of teaching never addressed the needs of each and every people in the class. The teacher often adopts a common strategy for everyone irrespective of whether the student is brilliant or not. The teacher never bothered about teaching individually. In the traditional methods of teaching, punishments were implemented as part of motivating the students. Traditional methods never focused in developing the skills of the students. It focused simply in injecting volumes of content into the minds of the students. In other words, traditional methods emphasized more on knowledge and understanding while avoiding the needs of application and the skill development. As per the current learning concepts, the curriculum is revolving around the student rather than the teacher. The needs of the students have given more priority in the current classroom teaching methods. Based on these changing concepts of learning, the learning styles were given more importan ce in the present curriculum. This report makes a conclusion that learning styles have an important role in helping the student for proper learning. Different students may have different learning styles because of their individual differences due to heredity and environment. Instead of avoiding passive students, the teachers should try to understand the learning styles of each student and in order to teach them effectively and to make them active in the classroom. The teacher should adopt audio, video mediums along with kinesthetic and tactile mediums for making the learning meaningful. Meta cognitive system is more dominant compared to the cognitive system in the learning process and the teacher must realize it in order to devise effective teaching strategies.

Compare the role of France and the United States in the Rwandan Essay

Compare the role of France and the United States in the Rwandan genocide and account for the differences you find - Essay Example In the year 1990, the Tutsi decided to strike back and the Rwandese Patriotic Front was formed, comprised of Tutsi refugees who launched attacks from Uganda. A cease fire was arranged through the intervention of the United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda, and the terms agreed to were intended to improve ethnic participation and power sharing, allow refugees to return to their homes and create a multi party state (Gourevitch, 1999). However, the Hutus did not want to share power and commenced a media campaign via the radio station RTML, to mobilize ordinary Hutus against Tutsis, resulting in the eruption of genocidal activity. The Presidents of both Rwanda and Burundi were killed on April 6, 1994, and that night a series of mass murders resulted, with the Belgian peacekeeping forces helpless to intervene in the crisis due to their role as peace keepers.(Gourevitch, 1999). Ten Belgian soldiers who were assigned to protect the Hutu Prime Minister were murdered, and one week after the conflict erupted, Belgium withdrew all its troops. On 6th April, the large scale killing of Tutsis commenced and resulted in almost 800,000 people being killed over the short span of a few days, while the world looked on and did nothing. In summing up the reasons for the Rwandan genocide, Eltringham states that some view it as the result of â€Å"ethnic hatred†, others as a result of â€Å"bad politics and power struggle†, while yet others view it as the â€Å"direct outcome of colonial and neo imperialist manipulations†, and â€Å"economic frustrations†, but the truth may be that all these elements combined to play a role in the crisis. (Eltringham, 2004:xv). The occurrence of the genocide is a horrific event in recent human history, where thousands of innocent people died while the world stood by and did nothing. The United States is implicated for its role in the Rwanda genocide mostly through its

Global Forces of Change Essay Example for Free

Global Forces of Change Essay 1. From the case facts, describe how globalization and technology have influenced the business directions of GE Medical Systems. Technology Since new requirements in healthcare business had been emerged, in the market it is required to implement personalized medicine to support specific client – not mass population. Moreover, trend on find the way to prevent sickness is more concerned than to heal. This is massive challenge to medical equipment manufacturers whether which company can find the best technology to support these requirements. GE believed that the best technology would always win in the marketplace so they responded to these requirements by investing more on RD and also product design. As the result, corporate RD invented some new products which replace need of existing product, for example, digital detectors for X-ray machines that would replace the need for X-ray film. Globalization Globalization increases connectivity and interdependence of the world’s markets and businesses. Emerging middle-classes of Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America is also an opportunity for healthcare company like GE to expand their markets, increase sales and profits. Beside of sales side, GE can also reduce their manufacturing cost by shifting manufacturing from high-cost countries to low-cost countries. This would increase their competitive advantage. 2. Identify possible projects by which a company dealing in Healthcare and Medical Diagnosis like GEMS can profitably ride the waves of globalization, liberalization and technology. * Shifting manufacturing base from high-cost countries to low-cost countries in order to reduce production cost. * To develop healthcare IT system, this is to manage necessary data systematically such as patient data, treatment record etc. This is also helpful for diagnosis. * To apply Free Trade Agreement with emerging countries in order to facilitate access of healthcare products. * Even general needs of customers in healthcare in each country is same but there are some specific requirements which are required individually so GEMS should not neglect RD in each local market. Hiring local staffs is an effective alternative since local people might understand needs in their society well. * RD is vital since technology changes every day. GEMS should keep investing on find out the way to increase effectivene ss of their equipment and also invent new products which can replace existing one. 3. Describe the world do you envision in 2050, especially with China and India likely to take center-stage? Touch on the economic, political, social and cultural adaptation that you think can take place. According to many reports show that over the next 50 years China and then India’s economies will overtake US. Large and growing market opportunities in China and India are widely seen and understood as evidenced by the large flows of foreign direct investment to China, both for the domestic market, but also to use China as a low cost platform for exports to the rest of the World. China is communist. Due to their political characteristics, control in a repressive way substantial part of the economy, especially the financial sector that brought about massive imbalance. A centralized decision-making process, although discretionary would presumably ease political action by by-passing all types of necessary approvals from a parliament or congress in a democratic system. So changing of Chinese government would possibly change the world. About social and culture, as foreign companies would base their manufacturing in China, learning local culture would be very important in order to have smooth operation and avoid any conflict. China language will become as vital as English. On the other hands, due to growing of China economic dominance, Chinese people will also spread over the world. Their culture will unavoidably absorb to everywhere. We have no choice but adapt with it.

Validity and Reliability of Selection Interviews

Validity and Reliability of Selection Interviews When Organisations are recruiting to find a suitable individual for a position they currently hold, it can be difficult to monitor and ensure that all possible steps are being taken to ensuring that each interview carries the same validity and reliability. This is to ensure that each individual who is being interviewed is given the same equal opportunity, alongside the organisation employing an individual who suits the job specification best. Validity and reliability of structured interviews can have a large impact on type of person that is employed and also affect the actual security that the person employed is the best suited from all the applicants. Selection interviews traditionally consist of a candidate interacting with one or more people from the organisation who have assessed the candidate as meeting the criteria which the role requires. The interviews generally last between 15 and 60 minutes and help the organisation decide whether or not an individual should be offered a job. In general, interviews follow one of three structures (Unstructured; Semi-Structured and Structured). The three vary by the amount of prior preparation for the interview in regards to questions to be asked and how the answers should be assed. Often the more specific answers required from an interview will be shown by the more structured approach an interviewer will take in preparation of the questions. Reliability of the interview is argued to often be low, in that interviewers do not follow the same methods of questioning or method of evaluating each individual interview. Additionally, it has been noted that interviewers support the end decisions on different criteras, different standards, and alter in the amount the final decision is based upon the original intended criteria (e.g., Graves, L.M. and Karren, R.J., 1996. The employmentselection interview: A fresh look at an old problem. Human Resource Management 35, pp. 163-180. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (14)Timothy A. Judge, 2000: 384]). It has also been found that job performance is a lot more reliable and foretelling from structured interviews opposed to unstructured interviews. Research reviews of employment interviewing have concluded that carrying out an interview following a set structure can add to the reliability and validity of interviewer evaluations (e.g., Therese Macan, 1999: 2 09). Natural instinct to cast a first impression on a person is a major factor in trying to ensure an interviewer casts an unbiased decision which follows the original selection criteria. During interviewing it is vital that each applicant is each given a fair and open opportunity and the end decision on whether or not they are offered the place within the organisation is based entirely on how they performed against the role criteria. Ensuring that Gender, Race, Disability and appearance do not hold any restrictions on each individual interview. A study was carried out which looked into how interviewers can cast a bias opinion based on appearance, finding that applicants which were moderately obese (in particular female applicants) were less likely to be considered for employment despite meeting the required criteria of a role including required qualifications (Timothy A. Judge, 2000: 384). Further from this negative information often appears to become more memorable for an interviewer than positive information. Research has outlined that it often requires upto twice as much positive information to change any negative information the interviewer may have initially cast of an individual. . As a result, the unstructured interview has been labelled a â€Å"search for negative evidence (Timothy A. Judge, 2000: 384). This simply highlights the importance of an interview to have the ability to focus on information passed during an interview to ensure that each applicant is assessed following the same criteria to avoid natural instinct having a major impact on each applicants interview. With interviews being generally an unnatural environment applicants generally spend time preparing for the interview, looking into the company history, preparing answers for generic answers that are usually asked for job roles of that criteria. This would inevitably lead to the answers given being unrealistic responses of how an applicant may act in a role within an organisation. This simply highlights the importance of interview containing questions which are going to show a realistic response to show an applicants approach and ethos towards their working life. During the interview this can be achieved by adding unstructured questions which will allow the interviewer to add and expand on answers given to try and get a more realistic and honest response which will further add to the value of the responses given from a candidate. This can also work well within a structured interview situation, as having an opening for several unprepared questions, can give a candidate further chance t o show their true capabilities. Taking into account unavoidable effects (e.g. Anxiety, signs of being Nervous and body language) of environments like Interviews, consideration needs to be taken by the interviewer to account for these. Often anxiety levels can be raised for an applicant during interviews which can an effect on the responses and conduct during the interview which may result in the applicant not showing their full capabilities. A selection of Undergraduates took part in a mock interview model with peers, which shows sustained levels of raised anxiety before and during the interview, followed by a significant decrease directly after. (Therese Macan, 1999: 209). During an interview it has to be taken into consideration that responses given can sometime be not a true reflection of a candidates natural response in any other situation, so allowing time and a chance to develop an answer is crucial to maintaining a high level of validity from the responses given. All of the elements within this essay which highlight possible affects on an interview fall part of what can be seen as a ‘halo effect. With judgements and stereotyping being cast too easily without looking at each interviewee directly on how well they are suited to the role criteria of which their hiring for. Training for any interviewer is crucial, as they need to learn the ways in which they might cast these judgements subconsciously; avoiding these spontaneous biases is one of the most crucial parts of carrying out interviews to ensure that the most suited candidate is chosen. By following more structured interviews situations like the halo effect can be more easily avoided. By offering each candidate the same set of questions and time for their interview then they each will have as open an opportunity as possible to give their best response. In more recent years, human response management specialists have become more involved within the interviewing process as they have to ensure all interviews are following the orangisations equal opportunities policy. Following these latest changes it has opened more opportunities for minority groups which previous may have been of more of a disadvantage to have a fair and equal opportunity when applying for any role, and how they are assess during the selection interview stage. Overall trying to maintain a high level of validity and reliability within an unnatural environment can be difficult and hard to maintain. It is crucial within any interview environment to try and place measures which can both account for these abnormalities and a way to take them into account. If they are not fully considered then an organisation may end up employing an individual for a role which they are not the best suited from all the candidates. One of the most important factors to avoid is an interviewers personal opinion on a candidate as shown from the research in this essay; they often can cast subliminal opinions on candidates because of personal opinion, anxiety and from misinterpreting responses during an interview. The employment of any individual for an organisiation is timely and costly exercise, ensuring all steps are taken to make the right decision on choosing a candidate is important. Make the wrong choice due to errors during the selection interview stage and a n egative impact may be felt by the organisiation afterwards.

Computer Networks And Wireless Transmissions

Computer Networks And Wireless Transmissions In telecommunications, wireless communication may be used to transfer information over short distances or long distance. The term is often shortened to wireless. it encompasses various types of fixed , mobile, cellular telephones etc. now -a days people who need to be online all the time. For these mobile users, twisted pair, coax, and fiber optics are of no use. They need to get their hits of data for their laptop, notebooks, shirt pocket or wrist watch computers without being tethered to the terrestrial communication infrastructure. For these users, wireless communication is the answer. THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM Wireless transmission can provide special services and conveniences to people, such as connection to the internet or other networks without connecting to wire directly. It can also facilitate the creation of networks in special situations, such as terrain that is unfriendly to ground cables. Wireless communication began, in fact, in the Hawaiian island precisely the problem of terrain separated by large stretched of ocean. Political organizations determine which sections of the spectrum of light are all to which wireless transmission purpose. Because the existing organizations are always in agreement with current practice or with each other, some products manufactured for one country may not work in another. RADIO TRANSMISSION Radio waves are easy to generate and are omnidirectional, but have low transmission rates. Also, depending on their frequency, radio waves either cannot travel very far, or are absorbed by the earth. In some cases, though, high frequency waves are reflected back to earth by the ionosphere. Ionosphere is a layer of the atmosphere. MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION Microwave transmission is popular for its ability to travel in straight lines. A source can be directly focused on its destination without interfering with neighboring transmissions. Because they travel in straight lines, though, the curvature of the earth can interfere with the microwave transmitters. The solution to this is the addition of repeaters in between the source and destination to redirect the data path. Microwaves are used for long distance communication like cellular phones, garage door openers and so on.. INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES Infrared light is used for close- range communication, such as remote controls, because if does not pass through objects well. This is also a plus because infrared communications in one room de not interfere with the infrared communications in another room. Infrared communication is more secure than other option, such as radio, but it cannot be used outside due to interference by the sun. LIGHTWAVE TRANSMISSION Lasers can be used for wireless communication. It is a relatively low cost way to connect two buildings LAN, but it has drawbacks. The laser is difficult to target on the destinations receiver because the beam is so small. Laser light also diffuses easily in poor atmospheric conditions like rain, fog and so on. TERMS OF WIRELESS TRANSMISSION The theoretical basis for data communication Transmission media Wireless transmission The telephone system Narrowband ISDN Broadband ISDN and ATM THE THEORETICAL BASIS FOR DATA COMMUNICATION Harmonics An infinite series, such as a Fourier series, is just the addition of an infinite number of terms. Each term is called a harmonic. Baud Signals are used to send data over a write. If we want to indicate a data change, there is a corresponding signal change on the wire. The maximum possible number of signal changes per second is called the baud. Fourier Series A periodic function is one that repeats itself over time. Sine and cosine are periodic functions. Fourier proved that any reasonably behaved periodic function could be written as a sum of sine and cosine functions. This is important because sine and cosine are easily represented and recreated. The Fourier series allows periodic signals to be sent over a wire. Voice-Grade Line A voice-grade line has certain restrictions that limits the maximum number of signal changes per second. Signal-To-Noise Ratio Decibels A way to measure to measure the thermal noise that is present on a wire. TRANSMISSION MEDIA Here more than ten terms are there so I am going to explain five terms: Magnetic Media Material on which to store data. It is used in diskettes and magnetic tape. Magnetic media is a common way to transport data quickly. Twisted Pair The oldest and still most common transmission medium. Two insulated copper wires. Twisting the wires reduces electrical interferences from nearby wires. It also counters the antenna effect caused by parallel wires. Head-End In a dual cable system, there are two cables which only transmit data in one direction each. At one end of the network, data is collection from one line for re-transmission on the line going the opposite direction. The end of the network responsible for the data collection and retransmission is called the head-end. Subsplit When two cables are not used, but there is need for simulation of dual cable system, bandwidth on a single cable can be split up, with one portion representing one cable, and the other portion representing the second cable. Splitting the frequencies so that the lower frequencies are used for one purpose and the higher for another is called a subsplit system. Mode Characteristic of a light wave associated with the reflection of the wave through the silica fiber. WIRELESS TRANSMISSION Frequency (F) Light and electricity travel in the form of waves. Waves are periodic in that they repeat themselves, so the frequency of a wave is just the number of times the wave repeats itself in one second. Hertz (Hz) The unit of measure of frequency. The name comes from the german physicist who first produced electromagnetic waves. Wavelength (Lambda) Wavelength is the measure of the length of a wave that is it is used ti find the distance between two consecutive maxima or minima. Speed Of Light (C) The speed that electromagnetic waves travel in a vacuum approximately 3*108 m/sec. electromagnetic waves do not travel as fast through a medium as they do through a vacuum. Spread Spectrum A pattern for EM transmission which is popular in the military for its ability to avoid jamming. The transmitter hops from frequency to frequency across a wide frequency band. THE TELEPHONE SYSTEM In this there are more than ten terms so here I am going to explain six terms Public Switched Telephone Network The currently existing network used for telephone communication. It was designed specifically for voice, and is not well suited for use by computers for transmitting data to one another. End Office The place to which your telephones lines connect to receive the telephone service. The distance from the telephone to the end office is usually small around 1 to 10km). Toll Offices Switching centers that connect several end offices. Tandem Offices Similar to the toll office, except it connects the end offices that are within the same local area. Toll Connecting Trunks The hardware which connects the end office to the toll of offices. NARROWBAND ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network Fully digital, circuit switched telephone system that is designed to accommodate both voice and data services. Digital Bit Pipe A bi-directional logical pipe which will pass bits on from source to destination without concern about whether they are voice. NT1 Device placed between the user and the nearest end office allows ISDN connection. Plain Old Telephone Exchange or NT2 Device placed between the end user which can provide a variety of ISDN services. Narrowband ISDN ISDN services on 64-kbps channels. BROADBAND ISDN AND ATM Broadband ISDN It is more recent design for a digital network on which data can travel rates of 155Mbps. It is based on ATM technology. Permanent Virtual Circuits Virtual circuits that remains in place for extended periods of time. Switched Virtual Circuits Virtual circuits that remains in place for short periods of time, typically related to the session time. Head-Of-Line Blocking If a questionable cell tries to come into ATM switch, it will be stalled, effectively stalling the cells behind it unfairly. This is called head-of -line blocking. Knockout Switch To solve the head-of-line blocking problem, queuing on the output side has been proposed. The knockout switch does just this, by stimulating a single output queue by having several output queues that are activated on a round- robin type basis. FORMULAE THE THEORETICAL BASIS FOR DATA COMMUNICATION Baud Rate The baud rate is NOT the same as the data rate. Baud tells how many signals are sent per second, but there are ways of encoding more than one bit per signal change. AVOID getting this confused. Baud= number of signal changes/second Maximum Data Rate Of A Channel (Nyquists Theorem) Max data rate=2 Hlog2 V H=bandwidth in HZ V=discrete levels This formula shows the maximum number of bits that can be sent per second on a data line with a bandwidth of H, is V bits are sent per signal. The max data rate should be in bits per second. Signal-To-Noise Ratio 10log10(S/N) S=signal power N=noise power This formula is used to quantify the quality of a line. It is not usually presented as a ratio, but instead it is given in the units decibels. Maximum Number of Bits Per Second (Shannons Result) Max number of bits per second=H log2 (1+(S/N)) This formula shows the maximum achievable data rate on a noisy line. The difference between shannons result and Nyquists theorem is that Shannons result takes the noise on a line into consideration. The noise can drastically reduce a lines capacity to send data. It is measured in bits per second. TRANSMISSION MEDIA Attenuation 10 log10 (transmitted power/ received power) Attenuation is a way to measure the amount of power lost in a signals strength from when it was sent to when it was received. Attenuation is measured in decibels. WIRELESS TRANSMISSION This formula is used to find the relationship between frequency, wavelength, and the speed of light. Lambda f=c Lambda=wavelength F=frequency C=speed of light THE TELEPHONE SYSTEM This formula is used to fine the bits per second. Bits per second= number of bits per signal change*baud. BIBILIOGRPHY Google.com Wikipedia.com

Achilles and Patroklos :: Essays Papers

Achilles and Patroklos I think the reason that Achilles allows Patroklos to fight is because Achilles knows that the Greeks need all the help they can get. The Trojans are very near to their ships and without some great miracle, the Greeks will be defeated. When Patroklos comes to Achilles with the idea of going out in his armor and fighting to try to muster the Greek troops and frighten the Trojans, Achilles is taken in by his dear friend’s plea. Achilles gives in because he knows how much this opportunity will mean to Patroklos, who has always stood in Achilles’ shadow. So as to give his friend an opportunity to gain honor through battle and become great, Achilles allows Patroklos to enter the battle wearing his armor and with his blessing, even though he places a few stipulations on him. I had a hard time examining why exactly Achilles placed those limitations on Patroklos. At first I wanted to believe that it was just Achilles trying to be a good friend and make sure that his friend did not end up getting killed. However, the longer and more I looked at it, the more it seemed like Achilles was trying to save face with the Greeks. He decides that his ego is still too damaged to return to the battle himself, so instead he sends his friend. It is very convenient that Patroklos is practically begging him for his consent. Achilles grudgingly gives his approval while still making sure that his own kleos is not damaged by Patroklos’ newfound bravery. He makes Patroklos promise that he will not continue to fight the Trojans after they have been pushed away from the Greek ships, but to allow the rest of the army to move ahead and finish the battle. He also must promise, once the Trojans are on the retreat, to come and get him so that the two of them can share the glory of finishing off the Trojans. Whether these boundaries were placed on Patroklos for his safety, or the safety of Achilles honor, makes a huge difference in the character of Achilles. If these limits were given to Patroklos just to save Achilles’ ego in the eyes of the Trojans and Greeks alike, then he is perhaps one of the most arrogant, self-serving men that has ever lived, in myth or real life.

Essay --

WHAT IS CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR? Consumer behavior is the study or the art of how people buy, what they buy, when they buy and why they buy. It refers to the actions and all the decision process of people who purchase goods and services for personal consumption. Consumption can be in any form and anywhere. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? Production Concept (consumers buy what is available than what they really want) Product Concept (consumers will buy a product of highest quality, best performance and most features) Selling Concept (consumers mostly buy the product when they are actively and aggressively persuaded) Marketing Concept (marketer must make what sells rather than sell what it makes) Circle of Consumption- VARIOUS OBSERVATIONS AT THE SHOPPING MALL- We in a group had seen a number of things at the Shopping Mall. There were many different types of customs and rituals also and different ways of how people act. On the observation day, there were many people in groups of three or more. Majority of the people walking in the mall are that of the youth and the children who just like to spend their time in any form of entertainment. People are unique in many ways such as different cultures, views, and perceptions. For people to adapt to a new culture, people must learn to understand signs, norms, and social control. These three factors are important and touch almost every aspect of social life and are used in every day to day life. A sign is â€Å"a symbol that stands for or conveys an ideaâ€Å". Signs could be price tag, a slow down sign etc. As signs convey information and are the most common and they make everyone’s life easier. Gesture is an example of signs and linked with body movements. The signs are present almost ever ywhere, it’... ...f use, possession, and maintenance. One caution about customer value: greater customer value does not necessarily equal greater customer satisfaction. Customer value is defined as the difference (or surplus) between benefits and costs; it is a level of return for customer costs. From a cognitive perspective, according to expectation theory, satisfaction is the result of a comparison between what actually occurs and what is expected. Hence the customers' buying satisfaction depends on both their perceived value of the purchase and their knowledge of what a fair level of buying value should be. In short, customers will feel satisfied to the extent that the perceived value of their buying exceeds the standard they hold. From this point of view, exceeding value is the key for customer satisfaction, not customer value per se (a surplus value).

Chick Enhancer

Poultry-raising is one of the businesses that can be found here in the Philippines. It’s very simple and helpful, as chickens provide foods like chicken meat and eggs. It could also help in the agriculture area. Some people use supplemental feeds so that the chickens may grow fast. But now, we’re going to have a study to find a natural and better substitute, like Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) and Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) as additives in making supplemental feeds. Aloe vera is a succulent plant species that probably originated in northern Africa. The species does not have any naturally occurring populations, although closely related aloes do occur in northern Africa. The species is frequently cited as being used in herbal medicine since the beginning of the first century AD. Extracts from A. vera are widely used in the cosmetics and alternative medicine industries, being marketed as variously having rejuvenating, healing, or soothing properties. There is, however, little scientific evidence of the effectiveness or safety of Aloe vera extracts for either cosmetic or medicinal purposes, and what positive evidence is available is frequently contradicted by other studies. Aloe vera is one of the only known natural vegetarian sources of Vitamin B12, and it contains many minerals vital to the growth process and healthy function of all the body's systems. Moringa oleifera is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Moringa, which is the only genus in the family Moringaceae. In developing countries, moringa has potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development, and support sustainable landcare. It may be used as forage for livestock, a micronutrient liquid, a natural anthelmintic and possible adjuvant. Supplemental Feeds, one of the cheapest and most useful ways to improve the growth of chickens. Statement of the Problem: This study aims to determine the effects of Aloe Vera and Malunggay as additive components in making supplemental feeds. The researchers would like to seek the answer to the problem â€Å"Can Aloe Vera and Malunggay extract be an alternative for growth and weight enhancer on chicks? † If so, what is/are the side effects of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) and Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) extract in: * Growth Skin Color * Other characteristics Hypothesis: Ho: Aloe Vera and Malunggay extracts are not useful as additives in making supplemental feeds. Ha: Aloe Vera and Malunggay extracts are effective for using it as additive components in making supplemental feeds. Significance of the Study: There is an increase of demand of chicken today. Most of the restaurants in our country are using chicken for their specialty. As we all know chicken is one of the most common foods that we eat, and that is our reason of pursuing this project. We would like to help the poultry-raisers to raise chickens in a small period of time. If we succeeded with this project we can also help our economy to grow and make it more influential. This project is also against on non-organic raisers because we are not sure about the side effects of that chemical once we intake the chicken. We want to prove that even we are a student we can help in our own little way. The fact that Aloe Vera and Malunggay are highly available and cheaper, this will help people, especially in business industries. They can even do it on their own.

Andrew Jackson DBQ Essay

Andrew Jackson was the first enlightened president, he was a common man and thought of the common people in his presidency. He may have been a terrible person sometimes, but he was a pretty decent president. There are three main reasons why Andrew Jackson was a decent president. There is one social reason why Andrew Jackson was a decent president. Jackson enacted the Indian Removal Act, the Indian Removal Act evicted Native Americans from their homes and their land. Jackson passed the law because he thought he was aiding the indians by removing them because settlers were moving onto their land and the settlers and indians would fight. Go to war. Jackson was a decent president because he was thinking of his people, and kind of the Native Americans, just not from the right perspective, he wasn’t exactly the best human because of how he dealt with the indians on the land that was purchased. There is one economical reason why Andrew Jackson was an okay president. The National Bank, started by Alexander Hamilton, only loaned money to the rich and not to the poor farmers and middle-class settlers. Since farmers, among others, couldn’t take out loans, they couldn’t purchase land and grow crops to sell for a living, therefore making them poor and miserable. Jackson saw this problem and took money from federal banks and put the money into state banks so farmers and other settlers could take out loans and actually live. Due to him realizing there are other people besides the rich and putting money into state banks for the common person, Andrew Jackson was an okay president. There is one political reason Andrew Jackson was an alright president. Jackson created the Democratic party. He actually listened to the people and became very popular among them. He held rallies In summation, Andrew Jackson was a decent president sometimes, I’m assuming it was often enough because he was a president. Jackson put money in state banks so the farmers, among others, could take out loans and buy to land for agriculture. Though he was not looking at things in the right perspective,

Creating My Own School Essay

The benefits of education on the individual person no doubt extend beyond economic effects. Jeremy Behrman and Nevzer Stacey cited that the effects of education â€Å"spread beyond direct economic effects (1). † As such is the case Behrman and Nevser adds, benefits â€Å"include a better way of taking care of ourselves and consequently creating a better society in which to live† (1). Based on this notion, it is important to make education available for everyone regardless of race, color, social status and gender or even physical condition. Education should be a right of everyone and no one should be denied of this right. However, the quality of education has been the focal point in the educational arguments. The report of the United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) cited that although teachers play an essential role in improving the students’ performance, the quality of education especially in areas where poverty is high, remains bad due to teachers’ lack of competency in the subject they teach (1). Thus it remains a burden of the government and of the society to establish schools that will cater to the increasing demand of a quality education. The No Child Left Behind Act was a response to this demand, yet it is clear that there is still a great demand for schools that would cater to the growing need of the society of a quality education for children. It is for this reason that I should like to introduce the Early College Communications (ECC) school which is designed to serve especially working class student and those with special cases. With highly competent teachers duly licensed by the states licensing board, the ECC provides quality education for grades 9-12 that would prepare students to college with a high level of competitiveness and a strong sense of achieving success in life. The school is deeply anchored on the government’s policy under No Child Left Behind Act (NCLBA) which emphasized on the qualification requirements for teachers. Under this act, the GAO report stated that states, districts, and schools are â€Å"responsible for ensuring that teacher meets these requirements† (1). The GAO also stated that the NCLBA â€Å"requires teachers of core academic subjects such as math and science be highly qualified†¦. † (1) The ECC proudly announces that it meets these requirements. The ECC’s philosophy of education is based on the principle that education is for everyone and that everyone deserves quality education. The ECC adopts a method of teaching based on Ramden’s (1992) distinctive ways of understanding teaching that is applicable to high school education wherein the teacher is seen as the organizer of student activity. Kate Ashcroft and Lorraine Foreman-Peck explained that in this method of teaching, the focus of the teaching and learning situation is on â€Å"what the student does† (69) and the role of the teacher is supervisory. In this case, as Ashcroft and Foreman-Peck pointed out, â€Å"the interest of teaching methods is now focused on ensuring that students learn† (69) and the teacher’s main concern is to motivate students â€Å"to be actively engaged† (69). With this method of teaching, the ECC management ensures that all students get quality education as we are implementing strict compliance for teachers to facilitate the student’s learning through motivating them to active and lively participation in the learning activities. As the school is committed to providing quality education, we have also implemented strict guidelines on the selection of teachers. Teachers were thoroughly screened if they have genuine interests in helping students learn regardless of their color, race, social status or physical condition. Thus, we are assuring everyone that the ECC is student friendly and we are very much concern all our student get quality education as they finished their term with us. For students with disabilities, that is, those belong to section two of the definition given by the Individuals with Disabilities Education act of 2004 (IDEA) cited by Roger Pierangelo and George Giuliani which held, (ii) Disorders not included. The term does not include learning problems that are primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities, of mental retardation, of emotional disturbance, or of environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage (1) Students with disabilities that do not include learning problems because of the reasons mentioned in the definition, we encourage them to enroll at ECC as we have highly competent teachers to handle this special class. However, we require students with disabilities to seek certification from the local educational agency whether they responds to scientific, research-based intervention as part of the evaluation procedures. With teachers’ genuine concerns on students with disabilities, their primary aim is to ensure that students with disabilities learn equally with other students. Furthermore, the school facilities are designed for the convenience of these special students. These teachers are licensed by the state to handle special classes and they are skilled in communicating with students with disabilities. Overall, the school is committed on preparing our students to become successful individual regardless of their color, race, social status, and physical condition. The student who could finish their term at ECC will have an early college credit because the school offers subjects that will provide them advantage when they go to college. Thus, with our commitment towards the future success in life of our students, and with efficient and highly qualified teachers we are confident we can lead our students to become competitive, success oriented and determined to achieve their dreams in life. For everyone out there, enroll now at Early Communication College and be assured of a quality education and of an exciting learning situation in the classroom. Work Cited Ashcroft, Kate & Foreman-Peck, Lorraine Managing Teaching and Learning in Further and Higher Education Great Britain: Routledge, 1994 Behrman, Jere R. & Stacey, Nevser The Social Benefits of Education USA: University of Michigan, 1997 â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act Improved Accessibility to Education’s Information† USA: The United States GAO, 2005 Pierangelo, Roger & Guiliani, George A. Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities USA: Corwin Press, 2008

Checkpoint the Information Systems Department Essay

The Information Systems Department’s goal is to manage a company’s information through safe, secure and resourceful methods that can be accessed easily from anywhere inside the company. The Information Systems Department manages a wide variety of company information; everything from software, computers, storage, e-commerce, online websites, system integration, company networks, IT help, networking, consultation, billing, telecommunications, partnerships, implementation and training. The greatest resource provided by the Information Systems Department is transparency through technology; helping employees use accessible resources to seed the evolution of new technology and future innovation. Two important departments that utilize Information Systems in a major way would be the Human Resources Department and Supply Management. The information systems department works with HR to develop strategies that help them become more efficient at tracking important employee information. Such as Payroll processes, distribution of funding, scheduling, pay, employee info, company ethics, salary information and skill inventories are all tracked through this system. The ISD department develops software and assists with the technical side of this process; helping the Human resources department develops efficient employee management strategies. On the supply management side of things the ISD departments main job is to control inventory and the supply management of the distribution side of the company. The ISD department would assist with such things as supply chain networks, production management, delivery management and quality control tracking. The department would implement strategies aimed towards tracking all of these resources and implementing effective changes to the system that may strategically enhance business production. Privacy and security of customer information would also be stored within databases managed by the ISD through the secure network established for this process. The ISD would also be responsible for transportation operations, scheduling, purchasing and all information management related to supply. The information systems department really deals with nearly all aspects of a company anymore. The processes used and developed through the ISD help a company become more effective by collecting, creating and distributing data through intelligent software. The resources managed differ from department to department, but all use the same core fundamentals. The goal is to deal with challenges in a cost effective manor; which ultimately helps drive the production of a company.

The European Chivalry: the Ideals and Practices

The Ideals and Practices Andrew Daniels Strayed University Abstract This paper focuses on the ideals and practices of chivalry, specifically in the Middle Ages. During this time, a list of Ten Commandments pertaining to chivalry existed. Knights were expected to uphold a certain code that impacted their country, church, king, and fellow man. This paper will elaborate on those individual commandments and explore what each mandate meant for a knight, and it will show how those obligations affected various aspects of their lives.Also, the paper will touch on heavily In relation to a knight's demeanor toward a woman, and the rules that were to be followed when engaging in courtly love. Lastly, one will see how some of these ideas have carried into modern day, though they have been altered throughout time. Picture King Arthur, a knight In shining armor, waging war against his former knight Lancelot to prove his love for Guinevere. Most people envision such scenes when they hear the word à ¢â‚¬Å"chivalry. While dragon-slaying knights and tales of rescuing damsels in distress have contributed to our notion of chivalry, many more unifying aspects make up what it means to be chivalrous. I will be delving into the true meaning behind the principles and what it means to be a knight devoted to the ideals of chivalry. Knights first evolved in the eighth century under the direction of the French ruler Charlemagne; It was from this time that the Idea of chivalry arose. Though the code of chivalry was never formally written, it was understood by all as a way of culture and moral conduct.During the Middle Ages, knights upheld the ideals and practices delineated in The Code of Chivalry. These values ranged from dedication to the church, to defending the weak and defending your country, and loading yourself to a higher standard by being faithful to your word and respecting others. The unspoken Ten Commandments revealed the duties a knight was to defend. This paper will further exp and upon the customs of knights and their chivalric ways. One of the major components of chivalry dealt with protecting the church.The first commandment stated, â€Å"thou shall believe all that the church teaches, and shall observe all its directions† (Marshall, 2002). The second commandment simply stated, â€Å"thou shall defend the Church† (Marshall, 2002). In the Middle Ages Christianity in ten Tort AT cottontails was ten only practice religion. I en snuck played a Olsten and dominate role in the majority of people's lives, not only medieval knights. Beginning as free peasants, knights often pillaged churches. Due to such violence, Rome declared knights the protectors of churches starting in the tenth century and threatening sanctions against any who ransacked churches.Later, in the 1 lath century, the Truce of God asserted that knights should not make war on all holy days, all saints days or Thursday through Sunday. Abiding to these rules meant that knights exhibi ted their chivalric duty by observing the churches directions. Not only did the knights protect the church, but the church protected the knights' estate if he embarked on a Crusade to Jerusalem, the supposed burial sight of Jesus. During his time away, the knight was also exempt from paying taxes to the church (Warrior Challenge, 2003).While knights were required to defend the church, they were also expected to defend the weak, according to the Code of Chivalry (Marshall, 2002). Knights were expected to protect the weak and innocent. Given a plot of land for their services, rather than monetary compensation, knights were required to oversee the land in order to keep agricultural procedures running smoothly and to ensure the well-being over their serfs. Another knightly duty was to avenge the wronged. This was possible with extensive training from the age of seven to twenty one.In this fourteen year span, knights learned everything from hunting and falconry to wielding a battle and v aulting on a horse in heavy armor (Martin, 1991). With a repertoire of experiences such as these, knights were surely qualified to shield anyone weaker than them. Moreover, knights â€Å"shall love the country in which thou waist born† (Marshall, 2002). Knights upheld this chivalric code by living to serve their king and country. In the eighth century when Charlemagne ruled over his vast empire he enacted many longstanding ideas both in religion and education.During this period he and his vassals were involved in protecting their borders; without such a charismatic leader knights may not have been so obliged to serve and defend their king and country. In order to exhibit love for his country, the knight was sure to obey the king, country, and Code of Chivalry. The fifth commandment found in the code of chivalry, â€Å"thou shall not recoil before thing enemy' (Marshall, 2002). In a time when battles were common, knights were expected to fight with honor and die with valor. T hese traits would have been taught to these men when they were squires training to be knights.However, knights also established principles of what not to do in battle. It was thought chivalrous to never attack an unarmed foe, never use a weapon on an opponent not equal to the attack, and never attack from behind (Marshall, 2002). By maintaining these principles a knight showed respect to themselves, their king and their country. The next commandment reads, â€Å"thou shall make war against the Infidel without sensation and without mercy,† which relates to the seventh commandment â€Å"thou snail perform scrupulously tiny Teal outlets, IT teen De not contrary to ten laws AT God† (Marshall, 2002).Certain tasks categorized under these two commandments were thought of as chivalrous. One such task stated that knights were to destroy evil in all of its atrocious forms. Knights were required to fight for the ideals of their king, country and chivalry, which meant annihilating all those that attempted to steal land or rob people within the kingdom's borders in which a knight resided. Protection of one's country by destroying the enemy remained a priority for knights, as long as they did not betray any teachings of the church.Knights also abided by the code, â€Å"thou shall never lie, and shall remain faithful to thy pledged word† (Marshall, 2002). It was thought gallant to live a life complete with respect and honor. Knights should not take for granted their freedom or their livelihood, and they must remain thankful for the opportunities provided to them. Of course, if knights kept their word of honor, they must avoid lying or cheating their fellow man. Living an existence abundant of deception would defy the principals hose chivalrous men were to uphold.Just as it was thought unethical to deceive their fellow man, it was also thought improper to desert a friend or ally in need. Likewise, knights were not to relinquish a noble cause, whether it p resented itself in the form of a battle, defending one's church, or protecting one's country (Marshall, 2002). By living a truthful, honest existence, knights became role models of suitable gentlemen, which have contributed to our current view of the word chivalry today. Additionally, the code of chivalry demands, â€Å"thou shall be generous, and give largesse to everyone† (Marshall, 2002).Sir Thomas Malory provides a glimpse into such charitable actions as he recounts a scene between King Arthur and Sir Lancelot in his legend El Mortem d'art. After Arthur learns of Lancelot and Gunrunner's affair, he wages war against Lancet's kingdom, only to find himself at the mercy of Lancelot and his kinsman, Sir Boors' sword Not so hardy, said Sir Lancelot, upon pain of thy head, that thou touch him no more, for I will never see that most noble king that made me knight neither slain en shamed.And therewith Sir Lancelot alighted off his horse and took up the king ND horsed him again, a nd said thus: My lord Arthur, for God's love stint this strife, for ye get here no worship, and I would do mine utterance, but always I forbear you, and ye nor none of yours forbear me; my lord, remember what I have done in many places, and now I am evil rewarded (Taylor, 2010, Para. L). Lancelot spares Urethra's life, remembering when Arthur once placed his faith in Lancelot by making him his knight. Despite the quarrel between the former friends over Guinevere, they still respect one another.In this instance Lancet's generosity outweighs his desire to defeat Arthur. Such demonstrations of largesse, whether legend or not, reveal the true meaning behind this commandment. The final commandment documented in the Code of Chivalry states, â€Å"thou shall be everywhere and always the champion of the Right and the Good against Injustice an Eve â€Å"(Marshall,2 I Nils last commandment Disloyally encapsulates ten tore mentioned orders, reminding knights to live for all that is virtuous and to reinforce the need to respect the authority of country, church and king.Knights were to avoid certain practices such as torture and deceit; they were to remain loyal to their friends ND those who placed their trust in them. Furthermore, the concept of respecting women was considered a significant courtesy, though not directly mentioned in the Ten Commandments of Chivalry. Men were to exhibit manners at all times, and they must be polite and attentive to women. Additionally, gentlemen showed respect to whoever should be their host.Andrea Aquaplanes, a 12th century author, wrote De Amour, known today in English as The Art of Courtly Love. In his work, he addresses the â€Å"twelve chief rules of love,† and elaborates on thirty-one aspect of â€Å"the art of courtly love. Rules that men must abide by consisted of topics such as chastity: â€Å"Thou shall keep thyself chaste for the sake of her whom thou loves† (Marshall, 2002). Within these numerous rules, one can see what was thought of as proper in a relationship and the graciousness that was displayed toward women (Marshall, 2002).Concepts such as this reveal the origins of present day views on chivalry or in some opinions, the lack of chivalry. Overall, I feel the principles that contribute to the idea of chivalry, whether or not construed by legend, are important ones. The codes that knights abided by revealed number of characteristics: faith, loyalty, strength, honesty, generosity and courtesy. I believe living an existence according to these principles, or even attempting to attain such standards, makes a person a superior, well-rounded individual.Incorporating such characteristics into one's everyday life allows a person to be more virtuous, and these values reinforce one's relationship with the church, country and allies. The romanticism of chivalry has survived to present day, though the code is not held to standards nearly as high as in the past with the majority of the ideas fall ing to the wayside. I believe a rejuvenation of several of these notions could benefit factions of society and reinstate principles that should be essential for all mankind.

Discussion document Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion document - Essay Example He believes in handling challenges head on and rolls up his sleeves to handle the same rather than delegating people to accomplish such tasks for him. He is the ideal leader because rather than him being a boss, he is a team player that has made him to earn respect among those that he works with and also those that he trains. Hal Bagley works mostly with his wife, Baadrea in the many training projects as both of them also head the LGT Executive Coaching. Both of them bring different skills to the table as she focuses on enhancing personal growth and interpersonal skills for clients, which is an essential part of the training program. Therefore, Hal credits most of his success to team effort as working alone can never be a key to achieving the major milestones that one seeks to achieve in the corporate world. Other than being involved in training the leadership of top performing companies and a number of non-profit leadership boards, the Bagleys also run a non profit organization that seeks to give stability to single parents together with their children. The organization is run by a group of about 200 volunteers headed by an executive director and board of directors, which is impacting the lives of hundreds in a significant way. Hal is not involved in improving the corporate world, but he also seeks to help those that that are the bottom of the ladder. So far Bagley’s results from the corporate trainings include influencing the streamlining of employees of an organization, which in turn has helped in simplifying audits by up to 5 times. Further, Hal helped with the integration of privately owned company with a Fortune 100 company, which led the 200 person, company increasing from $36M to $72 million in just two years. Additionally, this company through the guidance of Bagley was able to successfully implement HR systems, IT systems program management processes and AS9100 certification among a list of other

Lideship 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lideship 3 - Essay Example It is important to choose a career that fits one’s aptitudes, skills, personality and motivational focus. Says Heidi Grant Halvorson, â€Å"More than a decade of research shows that when people experience a fit between their own motivation and the way they work, they are not only more effective, but they also find their work more interesting and engaging, and value it more.† (Halvorson, 2013) Motivational focus is the sum of the strengths and weaknesses that each one’s personality is made up of. In addition to motivational focus, one needs to probe the opportunities that exist for the career one chooses as well as the educational and training needs involved. Having researched these things thoroughly, I have come to the conclusion that the career that I would like and one that fits me best would be that of a police officer. It is so easy to say choose something that you like. However this is more easily said than done. It is important to investigate every aspect of the career and juxtapose it with what one’s own needs and abilities are. To choose the right career one needs to invest some time on self-assessment. It is necessary to introspect on one’s strengths and weaknesses as well as the skills one possesses and what one really expects out of the career. I have done a thorough self-analysis with the help of various tools to find where my focus lies. I am also willing to invest in further training. In this context experts agree that people can be broadly divided into two categories. Although all of us have both the promotion as well as the prevention focus in some degree, while choosing a career one needs to find out which one is the more dominant one to enable one to make the right choice. Each of these focuses have distinct strengths and weaknesses, hence the exercise of finding out which category one belongs to enables one to gauge the kind of career that would suit him/her best. The promotion focused person

1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

1 - Essay Example The paper is made from trees and is responsible for increasing deforestation which is having serious repercussions on the ecology system. The gradual depletion of the natural resources through deforestation became responsible for the slow death of the plants and animals which were interdependent on each other. Lack of trees and plants is also one of the main reasons for barren land because the loose soil tends to blow away the seeds, saplings and essential minerals which are prerequisite for fertile land. The forest with its tall trees also protects the species from natural catastrophes like storms and hurricanes. There are many socio-economical concerns like growing population, housing problems, water and sanitation etc. that might necessitate deforestation but a sustainable development strategy would ensure regeneration and safeguard of natural resources. It is especially true in the contemporary time when the need for sustainable development has become one of the most crucial factors of our life. The use of plastic goods and non biodegradable products has adversely impacted the ecological system. Through the evolving process of entrepreneurial creativeness, people must make efforts to adopt ‘green’ habits and promote goods and services that are intrinsically linked with environment conservation and preservation. The creative ideas have the power to even transform and add value to the ordinary, old household items and make them into fashion accessories of great beauty and value. The goods made from recycled paper, therefore, need to be used in our daily life to promote sustainable promotion activities. The fast changing socio economic dynamics have created a fiercely competitive business environment and organizations tend to adapt to the constantly evolving business environment. The main objective of any